Modern (theoretical) physics seems to be in deep crisis today as many of its core aspects are not empirically well-confirmed. Heated exchanges among physicists on the scientific status of physical theories with little or, at best, a tenuous connection to possible experimental tests is highly visible in the popular scientific literature. Some physicists (e.g., Carroll 2014, 2019; Ijjas et al., 2017) argue that science must discard empirical testability as one of its defining properties and the highly explanatory theories of present-day physics should be exempted from experimental testing, while others (e.g., Ellis & Silk 2014) spot in these arguments (for softening the testability or falsifiability requirement for Modern physics) a dangerous tendency to undermine science. The philosopher of science who naturally draws most attention in these current debates is Karl Popper (1902-1994). His views, however, are often misrepresented in these debates. The prime objective of this paper is to explain how a more enlightened perspective on the ongoing debates can be obtained by a careful scrutiny of the Popperian criterion of falsifiability. As a first step in achieving this objective we will analyze the two major (conceptual) failures on which the current controversies rest. Our next step will be examining the controversial string theory to see whether the criteria of falsifiability is a ‘blunt instrument’ for determining its scientific status.

Since beginning of art history, there has been the human figure observed in different fields, from applied arts to painting and especially in sculpture. In many of historical periods, the figure tends to be realistic. After that in the early 20th century, artists avoid this kind of realistic figurating and were inspired by abstraction.But also this metod did not last very long, And in the middle of the same century, it was replaced by another mothod. Thus, there was a tendency towards abstraction, absolute formalism, elitism, monism, which are basic elements of Modernism. During the latest decades of previoues century, around the 1960s, it was replaced by anti form post Modernism, popular, pluralism which emphasize representation of the facts and avoidance of abstraction. these ups and down in the way of figurating especially in sculpture are worth studyius very much.This essay tries to study ways of human figurating in Modern period of sculpture and followed by post Modernism and evolution of aesthetics principles rising on this period.Moreover, at first this essay tries to pay attention to review of famous point of views, components, opinions of some commentaters and intellectuals in these two periods. then, after the introduction of some of the most influentional sculptors of each two periods, which have paid more attention to human figurative the essay tends to practically explore and study the aesthetic elements applied in display of figure in their works.

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a multifaceted metabolic disorder with diverse etiologies, has remained a significant global health concern, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems.   Objectives: This review aims to explore contemporary advancements in diabetes research, shedding light on recent breakthroughs and their potential impact. Methods: A thorough examination of current literature was conducted to identify critical areas in diabetes research. Precision medicine, innovative therapies, biomarker discovery, and technology integration, including artificial intelligence (AI), in diabetes care were investigated to provide a comprehensive overview. Results: The review highlights the emergence of precision medicine as a promising avenue in diabetes research, emphasizing tailored therapeutic approaches based on individual patient characteristics. Innovative therapies, such as gene therapies and advanced pharmacological interventions, present novel strategies for effective diabetes management. Biomarker discovery is a key focus, which helps identify reliable indicators for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. Incorporating technology, including continuous glucose monitoring and insulin delivery systems, reflects a paradigm shift in diabetes care. Conclusion: This review underscores the dynamic landscape of diabetes research, emphasizing the crucial role of precision medicine, innovative therapies, biomarker discovery, and technology integration in shaping future directions. The evolving role of AI in diabetes care signifies a transformative potential for personalized, data-driven interventions. By providing insights into contemporary advancements, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop more effective prevention and management strategies for diabetes, addressing the pressing global health challenge posed by this complex metabolic disorder.

The lack of Quranic approaches in the production of Quran-based humanities is still felt, despite the predominance of the philosophical approach in critical approaches to Modern humanities, which has become very common in the Islamic world and in Iran for several decades. It seems that the capacity of the method of thematic exegesis (al-Tafsīr al-mawdū'ī, Arabic: التفسیر الموضوعیّ) in this regard, can be used to bring the Holy Quran into the field of humanities. Thematic exegesis, according to whether its subject is inside or outside the Qur'an, has several functions in criticizing the structure of Modern knowledge and scientific research, as well as the production of Islamic humanities. It is possible to make use of thematic exegesis of the inside of the Holy Book of Quran in order to “fundamental criticism” of the general fundamentals of humanities -the fundamentals of epistemology, axiology, ontology and anthropology- and it is also possible to use thematic exegesis for constructing and producing foundation of humanities obtained from the Holy Quran. It is used by thematic interpretation exegesis of the outside of the Holy Book of Quran -such as Shahīd (martyr) Sadr’s interrogational approach- to answer the problems of humanities and this process faces challenges such as the complexity and multiplicity of the “subject” of the humanities that exist in Modern terminology of this field. It can be used in order to solve this issue in some cases to know the process of the change of the components of the Modern of the conceptual history’s approach and also by analyzing the issue into several components can be shown that the components are not necessarily a product of the Modern era and can be followed up in the Holy Quran and can be found up in the Holy Quran. The perspective of the Holy Quran, after that, regarding the Modern subject in the desired field by the “combining” of the results obtained based on the thematic interpretation.

Objective: During the ancient times, saffron (Crocus sativus L.) had many uses around the world; however, some of these uses were forgotten throughout the history. But a newly formed interest in natural active compounds brought back the attention toward historical uses of saffron. Understanding different uses of saffron in the past can help us finding the best uses at present. In this study, we reviewed different uses of saffron throughout the history among different nations.Methods: ISI web of Science and Medline, along with references of traditional Iranian medicine were searched for historical uses of saffron.Results: Saffron has been known since more than 3000 years ago by many nations. It was valued not only as a culinary condiment, but also as a dye, perfume and as a medicinal herb. Its medicinal uses ranged from treating eye problems to genitourinary and many other diseases in various cultures. It was also used as a tonic agent and antidepressant drug among many nations.Conclusion(s): Saffron has had many different uses such as a food additive and a palliative agent for many human diseases. Thus, as an important medicinal herb, it is a good candidate with many promising potentials to be considered for new drug design.